Thank you for the informative article. I've heard about this diet and was curious about it. I do appreciate the research done on this article. Does My Baby Need Vitamins? Studies have shown that most vitamins, fluoride, iron, water, juice, formula and solid foods are not beneficial to healthy breastfed babies during the first six months, and some can even be harmful. There are certain cases where a vitamin supplement may be needed for a breastfed baby during the first year (see below for specifics). Nursing on the go doesn't have to be difficult. Meet our sponsor. Part of what it means to be human is how we became human. Over a long period of time, as early humans adapted to a changing world, they evolved certain. Whether you're looking to train a new puppy, find the best toy for your cat or set up a tropical aquarium, eHow has answers to all of your pet-related questions. 7 Natural Home Remedies to try when your kids are out of sorts. Did you know that the baking soda volcano every kid wants to make for their science project is. It can be confusing trying to work out how much formula to give your baby every day. And there's no single answer. It depends on your baby's age, weight, and whether. Slim Tea Side Effects: Hyleys Slim Tea is a weight loss product that’s been used by many people. It’s widely viewed as a safe product. Many people have used it. The American Academy of Pediatrics does recommend that all babies receive a vitamin K injection soon after birth to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, and routine vitamin D supplementation due to decreased sunlight exposure and an increase in rickets. Some very premature babies (weighing less than 1. Following is more specific information on baby’s needs for certain vitamins and minerals. Promoting breastfeeding is the best way to protect babies from Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency is rare in breastfed babies even in areas of the world where vitamin A deficiency is widespread. Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children (PDF format) from the LINKAGES Project. Also available in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. If mom is thiamine- deficient, then adding additional thiamine to mom’s diet should increase the amount of thiamine in her milk (since this vitamin is water- soluble) to the necessary levels. Thiamine deficiency (beriberi) is rare in the United States. The levels of riboflavin in human milk are quite constant and are usually affected only by large maternal supplements (3x the maternal RDA). If mom is not getting enough vitamin B6, then adding additional vitamin B6 to mom’s diet will increase the levels in her milk to the required levels. FDA requirements for breastfeeding mothers for this vitamin are 1. If you smoke, add 3. Supplements of vitamin C for a mother do not significantly alter the amounts in breastmilk, as they remain fairly constant no matter what mother’s intake levels (assuming the mother is not vitamin- C deficient). According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement on Calcium Requirements of Infants, Children, and Adolescents: No available evidence shows that exceeding the amount of calcium retained by the exclusively breastfed term infant during the first 6 months of life or the amount retained by the human milk- fed infant supplemented with solid foods during the second 6 months of life is beneficial to achieving long- term increases in bone mineralization. Factors that put your breastfed baby at risk for vitamin D deficiency (rickets) are: Baby has very little exposure to sunlight. For example: if you live in a far northern latitude, if you live in an urban area where tall buildings and pollution block sunlight, if baby is always completely covered and kept out of the sun, if baby is always inside during the day, or if you always apply high- SPF sunscreen. Both mother and baby have darker skin and thus require more sun exposure to generate an adequate amount of vitamin D. Again, this is a “not enough sunlight” issue – the darker your skin pigmentation, the greater the amount of sun exposure needed. There is not much information available on how much more sunlight is needed if you have medium or darker toned skin. Mother is deficient in vitamin D – there is increasing evidence in the last few years indicating that vitamin D deficiency is becoming more common in western countries. The amount of vitamin D in breastmilk depends upon mom’s vitamin D status. If baby gets enough sunlight, mom’s deficiency is unlikely to be a problem for baby. However, if baby is not producing enough vitamin D from sunlight exposure, then breastmilk will need to meet a larger percentage of baby’s vitamin D needs. If mom has minimal exposure to sunlight (see above examples) and is not consuming enough foods or supplements containing vitamin D, then she may be vitamin D deficient. The best way to get vitamin D, the way that our bodies were designed to get the vast majority of our vitamin D, is from sun exposure. Depending upon where you live and how dark your skin is, going outside regularly may be all that is required for you or your baby to generate adequate amounts of vitamin D. Because mom’s vitamin D status during pregnancy directly affects baby’s vitamin D stores at birth and particularly during the first 2- 3 months, it is very helpful for pregnant women to make sure they are getting enough vitamin D. Adding a vitamin D supplement to mom’s diet and/or exposure to ultraviolet light will increase the amount of vitamin D in her breastmilk. As long as mom is vitamin D sufficient, her breastmilk will have the “right” amount of vitamin D. However, babies were “designed” to get only part of their vitamin D from breastmilk and the remainder from sun exposure – what if baby does not get a minimum amount of sun? A 2. 01. 5 study . Bruce Hollis. A 2. Vitamin E supplements for mothers and their breastfed babies are not indicated. Ruth Lawrence (in Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession, 7th ed., p. The supplementation of fluoride in the diet of a healthy breastfed infant is no longer recommended by the AAP. Evidence supports the contention that there is adequate fluoride in human milk, and fluorosis from excessive amounts is a concern. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that fluoride supplements only be given after 6 months, and only to children whose primary water source is deficient in fluoride. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry is slightly more conservative, suggesting that the caries risk to the individual child also be considered: “The AAPD endorses the supplementation of a child’s diet with fluoride according to established guidelines. Many city water systems add fluoride to the water. If you use well water or bottled water, it’s unlikely that fluoride has been added to your water, but it may still be there. Fluoride occurs naturally in most water, so you really need to know how much fluoride is in your water before you decide whether to supplement. How do you find out how much fluoride is in your drinking water? If you use city water, call your local water department to find out. If you use bottled water, call the bottling company. If you use well water, you can ask your local water department about having your water tested for fluoride – fluoride analysis isn’t very expensive. After you know how much fluoride is already in your drinking water and determine whether your child is at high risk for developing cavities, you can decide whether fluoride supplementation might be beneficial. More information: Fluoride Supplements from Ask. Dr. Sears. com. Fluoride Dietary Supplementation from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Rozier RG, Adair S, Graham F, et al. Evidence- based clinical recommendations on the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements for caries prevention: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc. 2. Journal search on Fluoride and Human Milk. Over 7. 0 Years of Community Water Fluoridation from the CDC. Vitamin K is needed for proper blood clotting, and a deficiency of this vitamin causes a syndrome called Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Increasing mom’s vitamin K intake increases the amount of vitamin K in her milk. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends: Intramuscular vitamin K1 (phytonadione) at a dose of 0. A delay of administration until after the first feeding at the breast but not later than 6 hours of age is recommended. A single oral dose of vitamin K should not be used, because the oral dose is variably absorbed and does not provide adequate concentrations or stores for the breastfed infant. Additional information: Vitamin K at Birth: To Inject or Not by Linda Folden Palmer, DCVitamin K1 Prophylaxis from the British Columbia Reproductive Care Program. Niacin. Niacin deficiency in breastfed infants in developed countries is extremely rare, and no supplementation is recommended. Good sources of zinc include meat (especially red meat) and yogurt. Signs of a mild zinc deficiency include: lessened appetite, lowered immune function, limited activity, growth faltering. Low birth weight, small for gestational age and premature infants are at risk for zinc deficiency. Fluoride supplementation for children: interim policy recommendations. American Academy of Pediatrics, Work Group on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Baker SS, Cochran WJ, Flores CA, Georgieff MK, Jacobson MS, Jaksic T, Krebs NF. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Calcium Requirements of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatrics 1. 99. Nov; 1. 04(5 Pt 1): 1. Milner JD, Stein DM, Mc. Carter R, Moon RY. Early Infant Multivitamin Supplementation Is Associated With Increased Risk for Food Allergy and Asthma. Jul; 1. 14(1): 2. Greer, FR. Do breastfed infants need supplemental vitamins? Pediatr Clin North Am (United States), Apr 2. In conclusion, in healthy, breastfed infants of well- nourished mothers, there is little risk for vitamin deficiencies and the need for vitamin supplementation is rare. The exceptions to this are a need for vitamin K in the immediate newborn period and vitamin D in breastfed infants with dark skin or inadequate sunlight exposure. Krebs NF, Westcott J. Zinc and breastfed infants: if and when is there a risk of deficiency? Adv Exp Med Biol. Krebs NF. Dietary zinc and iron sources, physical growth and cognitive development of breastfed infants. J Nutr 2. 00. 0 Feb; 1. S Suppl): 3. 58. S- 3. S. Mohrbacher, N. BREASTFEEDING ANSWER BOOK. Schaumburg, Illinois, USA; LLLI 1. Hamosh M, Dewey, Garza C, et al: Nutrition During Lactation. Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC; National Academy Press 1. Butte NF, Lopez- Alarcon MG, Garza C. Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term infant during the first six months of life. Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization 2.
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